Celebrating Thanksgiving In Canada: Traditions, History, and Meaning

Introduction

Thanksgiving In Canada is a vibrant celebration that occurs on the second Monday in October, marking a time for Canadians to come together with family and friends to express gratitude for the harvest and the blessings in their lives. With roots tracing back to early European settlers, this holiday has evolved into a unique blend of cultural traditions and regional customs. From delicious feasts featuring roast turkey and pumpkin pie to community events and outdoor activities, Thanksgiving Canada offers a chance to reflect on the values of togetherness, appreciation, and respect for the land. In this blog post, we will explore the history, significance, and various aspects of Thanksgiving in Canada, shedding light on what makes this holiday special.

History of Thanksgiving in Canada

The history of Thanksgiving Canada dates back to the early 17th century, making it one of the oldest holidays celebrated in the country. The origins of this festive occasion are rooted in European harvest festivals, particularly those from England and France, where people would give thanks for a bountiful harvest.

One of the earliest recorded celebrations of Thanksgiving Canada took place in 1578, when English explorer Martin Waldseemüller held a feast in Newfoundland to celebrate a successful voyage. This event is often recognized as one of the first instances of giving thanks for a good harvest in the region.

As the years went by, various communities in Canada began to adopt their own Thanksgiving traditions. By the 19th century, the holiday became more formalized, with various provinces celebrating Thanksgiving Canada on different dates. In 1879, the Canadian Parliament declared November 6th as a national day of Thanksgiving, primarily to give thanks for the harvest and the blessings of the past year.

However, the date of Thanksgiving Canada was later changed to the second Monday in October in 1957. This adjustment aligned Canadian Thanksgiving more closely with the harvest season and differentiated it from American Thanksgiving, which is celebrated in late November. Today, Thanksgiving Canada serves as a time for families and friends to come together, reflect on what they are grateful for, and enjoy traditional meals, continuing the rich history of gratitude that has evolved over centuries.

When Is Thanksgiving Celebrated in Canada?

Thanksgiving Canada is celebrated on the second Monday in October each year. This timing allows Canadians to enjoy the fall harvest and gives them a chance to gather with family and friends before the winter season sets in. The choice of October also aligns with the end of the harvest season, making it a fitting time to reflect on gratitude for the year’s bounty.

Unlike the United States, where Thanksgiving is celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November, Thanksgiving Canada comes earlier in the fall. The earlier date helps to distinguish Canadian traditions from American ones and emphasizes the unique cultural significance of the holiday in Canada.

In many regions, the long weekend created by the second Monday in October is an opportunity for Canadians to travel, participate in autumn activities, and enjoy seasonal events. Many families take advantage of the holiday to spend time together, often enjoying traditional meals featuring turkey, stuffing, and seasonal vegetables.

Overall, Thanksgiving Canada serves as a time for Canadians to express their gratitude and celebrate the richness of their harvest, making it a cherished holiday in the Canadian calendar.

Traditional Canadian Thanksgiving Foods

Food plays a central role in Thanksgiving Canada, bringing families and friends together to share a memorable meal. While the specific dishes may vary by region and family tradition, several staple foods are commonly enjoyed during this festive occasion.

Turkey is undoubtedly the centerpiece of most Thanksgiving dinners in Canada. Often roasted and served with a rich gravy, this dish is complemented by a variety of sides. Stuffing, typically made from bread, herbs, and spices, is a popular accompaniment, providing a flavorful contrast to the turkey.

In addition to turkey, many Canadians include mashed potatoes and sweet potatoes on their Thanksgiving table. These comforting sides are often enhanced with butter, cream, or maple syrup, adding a touch of sweetness that resonates with the season.

Vegetables such as green beans, carrots, and Brussels sprouts are also common, often roasted or steamed to perfection. These dishes not only add color to the table but also contribute to the overall richness of the meal.

Desserts are a highlight of Thanksgiving Canada, with pumpkin pie and apple pie being favorites. These sweet treats often feature warming spices like cinnamon and nutmeg, reflecting the flavors of fall.

Additionally, many families enjoy traditional Canadian dishes such as butternut squash soup or tourtière, a savory meat pie originating from Quebec. These regional specialties add a unique touch to the celebration, showcasing Canada’s diverse culinary heritage.

Overall, the foods served during Thanksgiving Canada reflect a blend of traditional and regional flavors, emphasizing the importance of gathering around the table to give thanks and celebrate the season’s bounty.

Regional Variations in Thanksgiving Celebrations

Thanksgiving Canada is celebrated across the country, but the traditions and customs can vary significantly from one region to another. These regional variations reflect Canada’s diverse cultural landscape, with each area incorporating unique local flavors and practices into their Thanksgiving celebrations.

In Atlantic Canada, particularly in provinces like Newfoundland and Nova Scotia, Thanksgiving Canada often features seafood as a highlight. Many families enjoy dishes such as lobster or fish alongside traditional turkey, showcasing the region’s rich maritime heritage. Additionally, some communities host communal feasts that bring neighbors together, emphasizing a sense of community and sharing.

In Quebec, Thanksgiving Canada may include traditional dishes like tourtière, a meat pie that is particularly popular during this time of year. Quebecois families often blend Thanksgiving with their own customs, celebrating with foods that reflect French heritage and local ingredients. The day is also an opportunity for families to visit local sugar shacks to enjoy maple-based treats as the fall season progresses.

Moving to Ontario, the celebration of Thanksgiving Canada often resembles the American version, with turkey, stuffing, and pumpkin pie being common staples. However, many Ontario families also incorporate multicultural elements into their meals, reflecting the province’s diverse population. This may include dishes from various ethnic backgrounds, adding a unique twist to traditional Thanksgiving fare.

In Western Canada, particularly in provinces like British Columbia and Alberta, Thanksgiving Canada may also showcase regional ingredients such as fresh produce, wild game, and locally sourced meats. Outdoor activities, like hiking and apple picking, are popular during this time, allowing families to connect with nature while preparing for the feast.

Overall, while the core themes of gratitude and togetherness remain consistent, the ways in which Thanksgiving Canada is celebrated can differ widely depending on the region. These variations enrich the holiday experience, highlighting the country’s diverse culinary traditions and cultural influences.

Thanksgiving vs. American Thanksgiving: Key Differences

While both Thanksgiving Canada and American Thanksgiving share common roots and themes of gratitude, there are several key differences between the two celebrations. Understanding these distinctions highlights the unique cultural practices and historical contexts that shape each holiday.

1. Date of Celebration:
   One of the most notable differences is the date of the holiday. Thanksgiving Canada is celebrated on the second Monday in October, aligning with the end of the harvest season. In contrast, American Thanksgiving occurs on the fourth Thursday in November, marking a later point in the year. This difference in timing reflects the varying agricultural cycles and cultural traditions of the two countries.
2. Historical Origins:
   The origins of Thanksgiving Canada can be traced back to early European harvest festivals, with significant influence from Indigenous practices. The first official Thanksgiving in Canada is often linked to Martin Waldseemüller’s 1578 feast in Newfoundland. American Thanksgiving, on the other hand, is famously associated with the Pilgrims’ harvest meal in 1621 and has evolved into a national holiday focused on celebrating the settlers’ relationship with Native Americans, albeit with a more controversial historical narrative.
3. Traditional Foods:
   While both celebrations feature turkey as a central dish, the food served at Thanksgiving Canada can differ. Canadians often enjoy regional specialties, such as seafood in Atlantic Canada or tourtière in Quebec. In contrast, American Thanksgiving typically includes a more uniform menu featuring stuffing, cranberry sauce, and pumpkin pie, although regional variations exist across the states.
4. Cultural Practices:
   Thanksgiving Canada is often seen as a time for reflection and gratitude without the extensive shopping and commercialism associated with American Thanksgiving. The latter has grown into a significant shopping event, with Black Friday sales beginning the day after Thanksgiving. Canadian Thanksgiving, in contrast, emphasizes family gatherings, outdoor activities, and local harvests, with less focus on commercialism.
5. Duration of Celebrations:
   Thanksgiving in Canada is generally a one-day holiday, while American Thanksgiving is often extended into a long weekend with festivities that can last several days. Many Americans travel long distances to celebrate, and the holiday often includes parades, football games, and other events.

In summary, while both Thanksgiving Canada and American Thanksgiving celebrate gratitude and the harvest, they differ significantly in their dates, historical origins, traditional foods, cultural practices, and duration. These differences reflect the unique identities and traditions of each nation, making each Thanksgiving a distinctive experience.

Activities and Traditions Associated with Canadian Thanksgiving

Thanksgiving Canada is a time for family, reflection, and celebration of the harvest season. While traditions vary across the country, several common activities and customs define this cherished holiday. These traditions help bring families together and create a sense of gratitude and community.

1. Thanksgiving Feast:
   The Thanksgiving meal is perhaps the most widely celebrated tradition across the country. Families gather to share a bountiful feast that typically includes roasted turkey, stuffing, mashed potatoes, and seasonal vegetables. In some regions, seafood or unique local dishes, like tourtière in Quebec, may also feature on the table. Sharing food is a way to express gratitude for the year’s harvest and spend time with loved ones.
2. Spending Time with Family:
   Thanksgiving in Canada is a time for families to come together, often around the dinner table, but also through other shared activities. Many Canadians use the long weekend to visit family members, host gatherings, or simply relax with those closest to them. The focus is on togetherness, reflection, and creating memories.
3. Outdoor Activities:
   Since Thanksgiving Canada falls in early October, many Canadians take advantage of the beautiful fall weather to enjoy outdoor activities. Popular activities include hiking, apple picking, or taking scenic drives to admire the vibrant autumn foliage. For those who live in more rural areas, outdoor festivals or harvest celebrations may also be part of the weekend.
4. Giving Thanks and Gratitude:
   As its name suggests, Thanksgiving Canada centers on the theme of giving thanks. Many families take time during their meal to express gratitude for the blessings they’ve received over the past year. Some may share what they are thankful for, creating a moment of reflection and appreciation for the positive aspects of life.
5. Football and Sports:
   Much like American Thanksgiving, football plays a role in Canadian Thanksgiving celebrations, though the tradition is not as widespread. The Canadian Football League (CFL) often holds games during the Thanksgiving weekend, and for many families, watching football has become a tradition. Other sports, such as hockey, may also be part of the celebrations, reflecting Canada’s sporting culture.
6. Charitable Giving:
   For many Canadians, Thanksgiving is also a time to give back to the community. Volunteering at food banks, donating to charities, or participating in community service projects are common ways to celebrate the holiday by helping those in need. These acts of kindness reflect the spirit of gratitude and generosity that Thanksgiving represents.
7. Church Services and Reflection:
   Some Canadians attend special church services on Thanksgiving weekend. These services often focus on gratitude for the harvest and blessings of the year. For those who observe religious traditions, Thanksgiving may include a spiritual element, adding another layer of meaning to the holiday.

In conclusion, Thanksgiving Canada is celebrated with a variety of activities that emphasize family, gratitude, and the appreciation of nature. Whether through a traditional meal, outdoor adventures, or charitable acts, Canadians find unique ways to mark this important holiday.

The Role of Thanksgiving in Canadian Culture

Thanksgiving Canada holds a significant place in the cultural fabric of the country. It serves as an important reminder of the values of gratitude, community, and reflection, which resonate deeply within Canadian society.

At its core, Thanksgiving Canada encourages people to pause and appreciate the abundance of the harvest and the blessings in their lives. Families often gather around the table to share a meal, fostering connections and strengthening bonds. This focus on family and community is a fundamental aspect of Canadian culture, where togetherness is highly valued.

Moreover, Thanksgiving Canada is an opportunity to acknowledge and respect the land and the Indigenous peoples who have lived on it for thousands of years. Many Canadians use this time to reflect on the historical significance of the holiday and the impact of colonization on Indigenous communities. This growing awareness has led to discussions about inclusivity and reconciliation, highlighting the importance of recognizing diverse perspectives within Canadian culture.

The celebration of Thanksgiving Canada also varies by region, reflecting the country’s rich cultural diversity. Different provinces may incorporate local traditions, foods, and customs into their celebrations, showcasing Canada’s multicultural heritage. From seafood feasts in the Atlantic provinces to hearty meat pies in Quebec, these regional variations contribute to a broader understanding of what it means to celebrate Thanksgiving in Canada.

In summary, Thanksgiving Canada plays a vital role in promoting gratitude, community values, and cultural awareness. It serves as a time for reflection and appreciation, allowing Canadians to connect with one another and their shared history while embracing the diverse traditions that enrich the holiday.

How to Celebrate Thanksgiving in Canada

Celebrating Thanksgiving Canada is a wonderful opportunity to connect with family and friends while embracing the spirit of gratitude and community. Here are some meaningful ways to celebrate this cherished holiday:

1. Host a Thanksgiving Feast:
   The centerpiece of Thanksgiving Canada is the traditional meal. Prepare a festive feast featuring turkey, stuffing, mashed potatoes, seasonal vegetables, and delicious pies. Encourage guests to bring their favorite dishes to share, creating a potluck-style celebration that showcases diverse culinary traditions.
2. Spend Time Outdoors:
   With Thanksgiving Canada occurring during the beautiful fall season, many people take advantage of the crisp weather. Organize outdoor activities such as hiking, apple picking, or visiting local farmers’ markets. Enjoying nature not only enhances the celebration but also connects you with the harvest season.
3. Volunteer and Give Back:
   Embrace the spirit of gratitude by giving back to the community. Consider volunteering at local shelters, food banks, or community events. Participating in food drives or helping those in need is a meaningful way to honor the essence of Thanksgiving Canada.
4. Create Family Traditions:
   Incorporate personal traditions that reflect your family’s values and culture. This could be anything from playing games, sharing stories of gratitude, or watching a favorite movie together. Establishing rituals makes Thanksgiving Canada more special and memorable for everyone.
5. Reflect and Express Gratitude:
   Take time during the celebration to reflect on what you are thankful for. This can be done through sharing moments of gratitude around the dinner table or writing down thoughts in a gratitude journal. Encouraging everyone to express their thanks helps cultivate a positive and appreciative atmosphere.
6. Explore Regional Variations:
   Consider incorporating regional foods and traditions into your celebration. For example, if you’re in Atlantic Canada, think about adding seafood to your menu, or if you’re in Quebec, include a tourtière. Exploring local flavors enriches the Thanksgiving Canada experience and celebrates the diversity of Canadian culture.

By embracing these practices, you can create a fulfilling and joyful celebration of Thanksgiving Canada that honors the spirit of gratitude, family, and community.

Thanksgiving Travel Tips for Canadians

Thanksgiving in Canada is a time when many Canadians travel to visit family and friends, making it one of the busiest travel periods of the year. To ensure smooth and enjoyable travel during this holiday season, consider the following tips:

1. Plan Ahead:
   Whether you are driving or flying, make your travel arrangements well in advance. Booking flights or accommodations early can help you secure the best rates and availability. If you’re driving, plan your route and check traffic conditions, as roads may be congested due to holiday travelers.
2. Travel Off-Peak:
   If possible, try to travel on the days leading up to Thanksgiving in Canada or shortly after the holiday. Avoiding peak travel days can help you save time and reduce stress. Early morning or late evening departures are often less crowded, making your journey more comfortable.
3. Pack Smart:
   When preparing for your trip, pack efficiently to avoid excess baggage fees and ensure you have everything you need. Consider bringing snacks for the journey and a reusable water bottle. If you’re traveling by plane, remember to check the airline’s baggage policies for any restrictions.
4. Consider Alternatives:
   If you’re visiting family or friends in a remote location, consider alternative travel options such as trains or buses, which may offer a more relaxed travel experience. These modes of transportation often provide scenic views and can be less stressful than driving or flying.
5. Stay Informed:
   Keep an eye on weather conditions as Thanksgiving in Canada approaches, especially if you are traveling to areas prone to early snowfall or adverse weather. Being aware of weather updates can help you make informed decisions about your travel plans and ensure safety.
6. Be Flexible:
   Understand that holiday travel can be unpredictable. Flight delays and traffic jams may occur, so it’s important to remain flexible and patient. Having a backup plan, such as alternative routes or accommodations, can help ease any unexpected challenges.
7. Enjoy the Journey:
   Lastly, take the time to enjoy the journey itself. Whether you are traveling to a bustling city or a quiet countryside home, make the most of the experience. Listen to music, enjoy the scenery, or have meaningful conversations with your travel companions to create lasting memories.

By following these travel tips, you can have a smoother and more enjoyable experience during Thanksgiving in Canada. Safe travels!

The Impact of Thanksgiving on Local Businesses

Thanksgiving in Canada has a significant impact on local businesses, contributing to the economy and fostering community engagement. As Canadians prepare for the holiday, many businesses experience a surge in sales and activity, influencing various sectors. Here’s how Thanksgiving in Canada affects local enterprises:

1. Increased Grocery Sales:
   One of the most notable impacts of Thanksgiving in Canada is the spike in grocery sales. As families plan their festive meals, supermarkets and local grocery stores see an increase in demand for turkey, vegetables, baking supplies, and other holiday essentials. This boost in sales not only benefits larger chains but also supports local farms and producers who provide fresh, seasonal ingredients.
2. Restaurant and Catering Services:
   Many Canadians choose to dine out or order catered meals during Thanksgiving in Canada. Restaurants often offer special holiday menus or takeout options, leading to increased business. This trend allows local eateries to showcase their culinary skills and attract customers looking for convenient dining solutions during the holiday season.
3. Retail and E-Commerce Growth:
   In the lead-up to Thanksgiving in Canada, many retailers experience heightened activity as people shop for decorations, gifts, and holiday-related items. This shopping surge benefits both physical stores and e-commerce platforms, as consumers seek out deals and special offers. Local businesses can capitalize on this demand by promoting unique products that reflect Canadian culture and traditions.
4. Tourism and Hospitality:
   Thanksgiving in Canada also impacts the tourism sector, particularly in regions known for their autumn beauty. Many Canadians travel to picturesque locations to celebrate the holiday, boosting bookings for hotels, bed-and-breakfasts, and tourist attractions. Local businesses in these areas often experience increased foot traffic and sales during the holiday weekend.
5. Community Engagement:
   The holiday fosters a sense of community and encourages local businesses to participate in events such as farmers’ markets, craft fairs, and holiday festivals. These gatherings allow businesses to connect with customers, promote their products, and build relationships within the community. Engaging in local initiatives also helps strengthen the bond between consumers and businesses, leading to long-term support.
6. Seasonal Employment:
   To meet the increased demand during Thanksgiving in Canada, many businesses hire seasonal staff. This temporary employment provides opportunities for local residents, especially students and those seeking extra income. It also allows businesses to maintain customer service levels during the busy holiday period.

In summary, Thanksgiving in Canada has a profound impact on local businesses, driving sales, fostering community engagement, and contributing to economic growth. As Canadians come together to celebrate the holiday, local enterprises play a vital role in creating memorable experiences and supporting the community.

Thanksgiving and Indigenous Perspectives in Canada

Thanksgiving in Canada carries a complex significance when viewed through Indigenous perspectives. While many Canadians celebrate the holiday as a time of gratitude and family gatherings, Indigenous communities often reflect on the historical and cultural implications of the holiday, fostering a deeper understanding of its impact.

1. Historical Context:
   The origins of Thanksgiving in Canada can be traced back to European harvest festivals, which were often celebrated without recognition of the Indigenous peoples who had been living on the land for thousands of years. For many Indigenous communities, Thanksgiving serves as a reminder of the colonization and the loss of land and culture that followed European settlement. This historical context influences how Indigenous people perceive and participate in the holiday.
2. Gratitude and Reflection:
   While the traditional narrative of Thanksgiving in Canada focuses on celebrating abundance, Indigenous perspectives often emphasize gratitude for the land and its resources. Many Indigenous cultures incorporate teachings about respect for nature, the importance of sharing, and acknowledging the sacrifices made by ancestors. This approach highlights a more profound sense of responsibility towards the environment and each other.
3. Cultural Revitalization:
   Some Indigenous communities use Thanksgiving in Canada as an opportunity to share their cultural practices and educate others about their traditions. This may include organizing events that celebrate Indigenous food, art, and music, fostering a greater appreciation for diverse cultures. These initiatives help bridge gaps between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Canadians, promoting understanding and reconciliation.
4. Alternative Celebrations:
   In response to the complexities of Thanksgiving in Canada, some Indigenous peoples observe alternative days of remembrance and reflection. These may include hosting community feasts that focus on honoring ancestors, sharing stories, and discussing the impact of colonization. Such gatherings encourage dialogue about the ongoing effects of historical injustices and the importance of healing and reconciliation.
5. Calls for Acknowledgment:
   As discussions surrounding Thanksgiving in Canada evolve, there is a growing call for acknowledgment of Indigenous perspectives within mainstream celebrations. Many advocates emphasize the importance of recognizing the historical context of the holiday and supporting Indigenous rights and sovereignty. This acknowledgment can take various forms, such as incorporating Indigenous teachings into educational curricula or participating in local events that highlight Indigenous voices.

Frequently Asked Questions about Thanksgiving in Canada

Thanksgiving in Canada is a widely celebrated holiday, but many people still have questions about its traditions, history, and significance. Here are some frequently asked questions to help clarify what Thanksgiving in Canada is all about:

1. When is Thanksgiving celebrated in Canada?
   Thanksgiving in Canada is celebrated on the second Monday in October. This timing allows Canadians to enjoy the fall harvest and the beautiful autumn scenery. Unlike the United States, where Thanksgiving is celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November, Canada’s holiday has its own unique schedule.
2. What is the history of Thanksgiving in Canada?
   The roots of Thanksgiving in Canada can be traced back to early European settlers who held harvest festivals to give thanks for their bountiful crops. The first official Canadian Thanksgiving was celebrated in 1879, and it has evolved over the years to include various traditions and customs that reflect the diverse cultures of Canada.
3. What foods are typically served during Thanksgiving in Canada?
   The traditional Thanksgiving meal in Canada often features roast turkey, stuffing, mashed potatoes, gravy, cranberry sauce, and seasonal vegetables like squash and Brussels sprouts. Pumpkin pie is a popular dessert. However, regional variations exist, with some families incorporating unique dishes that reflect their cultural backgrounds.
4. Are there any specific customs associated with Thanksgiving in Canada?
   Common customs during Thanksgiving in Canada include gathering with family and friends, sharing a meal, and expressing gratitude for the blessings in life. Many Canadians also take the opportunity to enjoy outdoor activities, such as hiking or visiting local festivals, to celebrate the fall season.
5. How do Indigenous peoples view Thanksgiving in Canada?
   Indigenous perspectives on Thanksgiving in Canada can be complex. While some Indigenous communities may participate in celebrations, others reflect on the historical context of colonization and its impact on their cultures. Many Indigenous peoples emphasize gratitude for the land and its resources, often using the holiday as a time for reflection and cultural revitalization.
6. What are some popular activities during Thanksgiving weekend in Canada?
   Many Canadians take advantage of the long weekend by enjoying outdoor activities like hiking, apple picking, or visiting farmers’ markets. Community events, such as harvest festivals and local fairs, are also popular. Additionally, watching Canadian football games, particularly the CFL’s Thanksgiving Day Classic, is a tradition for many.
7. How does Thanksgiving in Canada differ from American Thanksgiving?
   While both holidays focus on gratitude and family gatherings, there are notable differences. Thanksgiving in Canada is celebrated earlier in October, has different historical roots, and features a distinct array of traditional foods. Moreover, the Canadian holiday tends to be less commercialized than its American counterpart.
8. What is the significance of Thanksgiving in Canada?
   Thanksgiving in Canada serves as a time for Canadians to express gratitude for the harvest, reflect on their blessings, and connect with loved ones. It also provides an opportunity to celebrate Canada’s diverse cultures and traditions while acknowledging the historical significance of the holiday.

By addressing these frequently asked questions, individuals can gain a better understanding of Thanksgiving in Canada, its traditions, and its cultural significance. Whether you are a long-time celebrant or new to the holiday, these insights can enhance your appreciation of this special time of year.

Conclusion: Embracing Gratitude and Togetherness

Thanksgiving in Canada is a cherished holiday that brings together family and friends to celebrate gratitude, community, and the beauty of the fall season. Rooted in rich history and diverse cultural traditions, this holiday invites Canadians to reflect on their blessings while enjoying delicious meals and participating in various activities.

As we embrace the spirit of Thanksgiving in Canada, it’s important to acknowledge the historical context and the perspectives of Indigenous peoples, which remind us of the significance of gratitude and respect for the land. By fostering understanding and appreciation for the diverse customs that exist within Canadian culture, we can create a more inclusive celebration that honors all voices.

Whether you’re gathering around the dinner table, enjoying outdoor adventures, or volunteering in your community, Thanksgiving in Canada offers an opportunity to strengthen connections and create lasting memories. As this holiday continues to evolve, let us celebrate not only the abundance of the harvest but also the rich tapestry of stories, traditions, and relationships that make Canada unique.